nPrincipal — Determines the energy level and size of the orbital. Higher n = more energy, larger orbital, farther from nucleus.
lAzimuthal — Determines the shape of the orbital and the number of angular nodes. s=sphere, p=dumbbell, d=four-lobed, f=complex. Range: 0 to n−1.
mₗMagnetic — Determines the spatial orientation of an orbital in 3-D space. It tells you how the orbital is rotated relative to x, y, z axes. Range: −l to +l. Does not affect shape, only direction.
mₛSpin — Intrinsic angular momentum of the electron. ↑ = +½, ↓ = −½. Does not affect orbital shape.
n Principal
l Azimuthal
mₗ Magnetic
mₛ Spin
Node Structure
0
RADIAL
0
ANGULAR
0
TOTAL
Render Quality
Point Count 30k
Point Size 2.0
Color Scheme
1s Orbital
Ground state. Spherical symmetry. Single electron closest to nucleus.